What type of roofs are commonly designed to mitigate the Urban Heat Island effect?

The correct choice is that both reflective and green roofs are designed to mitigate the Urban Heat Island effect. Reflective roofs are specifically engineered to reflect sunlight and absorb less heat, which helps to reduce overall roof temperatures and, consequently, lower heat emissions into the surrounding environment. This reduction in heat can directly combat the Urban Heat Island effect, which is characterized by urban areas becoming significantly warmer than their rural surroundings due to human activities and the concentration of buildings and infrastructure.

On the other hand, green roofs utilize vegetation to provide insulation and absorb rainfall, which also contributes to lowering surface and air temperatures. The plants themselves contribute to cooling through the process of evapotranspiration, where moisture is released into the air, further cooling the environment. Green roofs can also improve air quality and enhance biodiversity, which are added benefits in urban settings.

Both types of roofing solutions serve to address warm urban conditions, making them effective in mitigating the impacts of the Urban Heat Island effect.